Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers in the Context of Global Health and Climate Change

Viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) is a group of diseases resulting from viruses from various families, leading to symptomatic bleeding because of vascular damage. VHF is primarily linked to arboviruses, filoviruses, and rodent-borne viruses. Various viral hemorrhagic fevers include dengue, chikungunya, Kyasanur forest disease, Ebola, Marburg, hantavirus disease, arenavirus infections, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, etc. Climate influences the prevalence of zoonotic illnesses. Altered rainfall patterns, flooding, and an increased likelihood of extreme weather events accompany climate change. These phenomena are potentially linked to the expansion of the geographic range of permissive vectors and, thus, the potential increase and spread of a variety of arboviral threats. Rapid urbanization can lead to overcrowded living conditions, poor sanitation, and inadequate vector control, increasing the risk of disease transmission. Arboviral illnesses, including dengue, Zika virus sickness, and chikungunya, have become more prevalent as a result of urbanization. The incidences of vector-borne diseases are very high. These diseases result in an immense economic loss and restrict development. Substantial disparities in infectious diseases are suggested by social epidemiology, but further research is required to comprehend how this happens entirely. Climate change, vaccination, therapeutic access, vector control measures, and effective outbreak responses disproportionally affect vulnerable populations in impoverished areas.