Bidirectional relationship of periodontitis with osteoporosis

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects periodontal tissue, triggering immune responses with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and contributing to bone imbalance. In addition, this disease is associated with various systemic pathologies, osteoporosis among them. Osteoporosis is characterized by loss of bone density, which can influence the severity of periodontal destruction and alter responses to cytokines generated by periodontal infections. Although the bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and osteoporosis has not been conclusively established, both share risk factors such as age, gender, genetics and hormonal change. The need for further research to better understand the relationship and its clinical implications is highlighted.