Oral Manifestations in Organ Transplant Patients: A Literature Review

To examine oral manifestations in organ transplant patients, with a focus on viral infections, fungal infections, neoplastic diseases, and inflammatory diseases. A literature review study was conducted. A search was conducted on February 5, 2024, in Scopus and PubMed, using the keywords related to oral manifestations and organ transplantation. We included articles on solid organ or hematopoietic transplantation, which were published in English or Spanish. We excluded the articles focused on specific populations or without full text. Relevant articles were selected based on a review of the title, abstract, and full text. Viral infections, such as cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections were commonly reported in transplant recipients, with studies highlighting the importance of monitoring and management. Fungal infections, particularly candidiasis, were reported to also be prevalent, emphasizing the need for improved dental care and screening. Neoplastic disease, specifically oral cancer, was a significant concern, with factors, such as immunosuppressive therapy and previous skin cancer, increasing the risk. Inflammatory diseases, such as oral mucositis, were common after transplantation, and they require supportive measures for management. Despite variations in reported incidences, studies underscored the importance of dental and periodontal care in transplant patients. Both healthy individuals and transplant recipients require comprehensive oral health care to prevent discomfort and disease. However, no definitive conclusions can be drawn owing to the study's limitations. Thus, further research is needed in this area. This study highlights the prevalence of oral manifestations such as viral and fungal infections, oral cancer and inflammatory diseases in transplant patients. It underlines the need for comprehensive dental care and further research to improve the quality of life of these patients, despite the limitations of the study.