Risk factors and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low weight premature infants

Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is the most common sequelae related to very low birth weight premature infants, and it is derived from pulmonary immaturity and in some cases from treatment. Objective: To identify maternal and neonatal risk factors associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight premature infants. Methods: The sample was composed of 205 very low birth weight premature infants at Belén of Trujillo Hospital during the period 2008-2015. The group of cases and controls were 41 patients with diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and 164 patients with no diagnosis of this respiratory disorder, respectively, and that both groups adjusted with exclusion criteria. Results: Risk factors associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia were 2 or more episodes of late onset sepsis (OR=5.12; IC95%: 1,87-14,06), extreme prematurity (OR= 4.86; IC95%: 1.7-13.80), extremely low birth weight (OR= 2.72; IC95%: 0.9-7.94) and neonatal resuscitation (OR= 2.28; IC95%: 0.89-5.87). Conclusions: Extreme prematurity and 2 or more episodes of late onset sepsis were the most associated risk factors to the onset of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight premature infants.