Environmental needs in indoor cats: a descriptive study in urban households in Lima, Peru

The study aimed to describe the level of fulfillment of environmental needs in indoor cats attended at a specialized center in Lima, Peru. A quantitative approach with an observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive design was employed. The sample consisted of 385 cat owners selected through non-probability convenience sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire validated by expert judgment (Aiken’s V = 90.0%) which demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.760). The demographic characteristics showed a predominance of mixed-breed cats (72.2%), aged between 1 and 5 years (59.0%), and neutered (86.2%). High compliance was observed regarding safety and basic maintenance: 96.6% of cats could choose their resting place, 93.3% had access to hiding places, and more than 90.0% received fresh water daily. However, critical gaps were identified in environmental organization and stimulation; 30.1% of owners placed the litter box near food, and only 27.5% reported a high frequency of play. It is concluded that, although essential physical needs are generally met, deficiencies persist in dynamic environmental enrichment and functional separation of resources, highlighting the need to strengthen owner’s knowledge of feline behavior to promote comprehensive welfare.