Synaptic biomarkers associated with GAP-43 according to the presence or absence of cerebral beta amyloid

Introduction: Growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) is a crucial biomarker in neuronal development and plasticity. Its expression is closely related to axonal regeneration and synapse formation, making it an important indicator in neuroscience and neurodegenerative disease studies. Objective: To determine the synaptic biomarkers associated with GAP-43 in the presence or absence of beta amyloid protein. Materials and method: Analytical study of a secondary database of 398 patients with and without the presence of beta amyloid protein in cerebrospinal fluid. The variables were growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), neurogranin, synaptotagmin-1 (SYT-1) and synaptosomal-associated protein-25 (SNAP-25). The multiple linear regression model and scatter plot with coefficient of determination R² were used. Results: In the absence of amyloid beta, GAP-43 increased significantly with neurogranin and SYT-1 levels (F = 597.533) and R² = 0.896, explaining 90% of the variability in GAP-43. In the presence of amyloid beta, only neurogranin showed a significant relationship with GAP-43 (F = 182.337), with R² = 0.844, explaining 84% of the variability in GAP-43. In the absence of amyloid beta protein, GAP-43 increased 2,139 pg/mL for each pg/mL of neurogranin, and increased 32,776 pg/mL for each pM of SYT-1. In the presence of beta amyloid, GAP-43 increased 2,478 pg/mL for each pg/mL of neurogranin. Conclusions: The synaptic biomarkers neurogranin and SYT-1 had a significant relationship with GAP-43 in the absence of CSF beta amyloid protein, whereas in the presence of beta amyloid, only neurogranin maintained a significant relationship with GAP-43.