Recurrent pneumonia uncovering pulmonary sequestration in adult with HIV infection

Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare congenital lung anomaly characterized by nonfunctional pulmonary tissue, aberrant systemic arterial supply, and absence of communication with the tracheobronchial tree. Although it is usually diagnosed in childhood, it may present in adulthood as recurrent respiratory infections. We report the case of a 35-year-old man with HIV infection and an undetectable viral load, with a history of recurrent pneumonia, who presented with cough, fever, and dyspnea. Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography revealed a heterogeneouslesionintherightlowerlobewithsystemicarterial supplyarisingfromthedescendingaorta,consistent with intralobar pulmonary sequestration. The patient underwent lobectomy, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. Clinical outcome was favorable. Pulmonary sequestration in immunocompromised adults is uncommon and may lead to delayed diagnosis.