Perception of professionalism among Latin American physicians in 2024: A multi-national survey

Background. Medical professionalism encompasses the values, attitudes, and behaviors that prioritize the service of patients and society. This study aimed to evaluate the perception of professionalism among Latin American physicians in 2024. Methodology. We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study involving Latin American physicians from various specialties. A telematic survey was administered, which included sociodemographic variables (age, sex, country, specialty) and the modified Kwon et al. professionalism questionnaire, comprising 43 questions across seven dimensions. Results. Four hundred and twenty-four physicians participated (median age of 40 years, 57.6% female, and 69.8% from clinical specialties) from Paraguay (72.9%), Peru (24.3%), and Cuba (2.8%). A threshold score of 1.223 out of 4 identified the lowest 40% in perceived professionalism. The lowest scoring indicators –reflecting less frequents behavior– were: I recommend illegal drugs for recreational use and I maintain inappropriate body contact during the physical examination. In contrast, the highest scoring (more frequent) were: I am late for work and I overlook colleagues’ medical errors. Male physicians demonstrated significantly lower professionalism in three areas: Inappropriate body contact during physical examination, abusive treatment of other healthcare professionals, and discriminatory behavior toward colleagues or patients (adjusted effect). Conclusions. Sixteen indicators show a significant association with professionalism self-perceived professionalism, with four showing notable differences by sex. Ongoing implementation of such assessment at different professional stages is recommended, along with educational strategies at the university level to reinforce the core values of medical professionalism.