Braid stability after flow diverter treatment of intracranial aneurysms: A systematic review and meta-Analysis

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall rates of braid changes associated with flow diverter (FD) treatment for intracranial aneurysms (IAs). Additionally, we sought to provide an overview of the currently reported definitions related to these complications. Methods A systematic search was conducted from the inception of relevant literature up to April 2023, encompassing six databases. The included studies focused on patients with IAs treated with FDs. We considered four main outcome measures as FD braid changes: (1) fish-mouthing, (2) device braid narrowing, (3) device braid collapsing, and (4) device braid deformation. The data from these studies were pooled using a random-effects model. Results A total of 48 studies involving 3572 patients were included in the analysis. Among them, 14 studies (39%) provided definitions for fish-mouthing. However, none of the included studies offered specific definitions for device braid narrowing, collapsing, or deformation, despite reporting rates for these complications in six, five, and three studies, respectively. The pooled rates for braid changes were as follows: 3% (95% CI 2% to 4%, I 2 =27%) for fish-mouthing, 7% (95% CI 2% to 20%, I 2 =85%) for narrowing, 1% (95% CI 0% to 3%, I 2 =0%) for collapsing, and 1% (95% CI 1% to 4%, I 2 =0%) for deformation. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that FD treatment for IAs generally exhibits low rates of fish-mouthing, device braid narrowing, collapsing, and deformation. However, the lack of standardized definitions hinders the ability to compare device outcomes objectively, emphasizing the need for uniform definitions for FD braid changes in future prospective studies on FD.