TY - JOUR
T1 - Spatial distribution of individuals with symptoms of depression in a periurban area in Lima
T2 - An example from Peru
AU - CRONICAS Cohort Study Group
AU - Ruiz-Grosso, Paulo
AU - Miranda, J. Jaime
AU - Gilman, Robert H.
AU - Walker, Blake Byron
AU - Carrasco-Escobar, Gabriel
AU - Varela-Gaona, Marco
AU - Diez-Canseco, Francisco
AU - Huicho, Luis
AU - Checkley, William
AU - Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio
AU - Casas, Juan P.
AU - Smith, George Davey
AU - Ebrahim, Shah
AU - Gamboa, Raúl
AU - Málaga, Germán
AU - Montori, Víctor M.
AU - Smeeth, Liam
AU - Diette, Gregory B.
AU - León-Velarde, Fabiola
AU - Rivera, María
AU - Wise, Robert A.
AU - García, Héctor H.
AU - Sacksteder, Katherine
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Purpose: To map the geographical distribution and spatial clustering of depressive symptoms cases in an area of Lima, Peru. Methods: Presence of depressive symptoms suggesting a major depressive episode was assessed using a short version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Data were obtained from a census conducted in 2010. One participant per selected household (aged 18 years and above, living more than 6 months in the area) was included. Residence latitude, longitude, and elevation were captured using a GPS device. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was estimated, and relative risks (RRs) were calculated to identify areas of significantly higher and lower geographical concentrations of depressive symptoms. Results: Data from 7946 participants, 28.3% male, mean age 39.4 (SD, 13.9) years, were analyzed. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 17.0% (95% confidence interval = 16.2%-17.8%). Three clusters with high prevalence of depressive symptoms (primary cluster: RR = 1.82; P = .003 and secondary: RR = 2.83; P = .004 and RR = 5.92; P = .01), and two clusters with significantly low prevalence (primary: RR = 0.23; P = .016 and secondary: RR = 0; P = .035), were identified. Further adjustment by potential confounders confirmed the high prevalence clusters but also identified newer ones. Conclusions: Screening strategies for depression, in combination with mapping techniques, may be useful tools to target interventions in resource-limited areas.
AB - Purpose: To map the geographical distribution and spatial clustering of depressive symptoms cases in an area of Lima, Peru. Methods: Presence of depressive symptoms suggesting a major depressive episode was assessed using a short version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Data were obtained from a census conducted in 2010. One participant per selected household (aged 18 years and above, living more than 6 months in the area) was included. Residence latitude, longitude, and elevation were captured using a GPS device. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was estimated, and relative risks (RRs) were calculated to identify areas of significantly higher and lower geographical concentrations of depressive symptoms. Results: Data from 7946 participants, 28.3% male, mean age 39.4 (SD, 13.9) years, were analyzed. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 17.0% (95% confidence interval = 16.2%-17.8%). Three clusters with high prevalence of depressive symptoms (primary cluster: RR = 1.82; P = .003 and secondary: RR = 2.83; P = .004 and RR = 5.92; P = .01), and two clusters with significantly low prevalence (primary: RR = 0.23; P = .016 and secondary: RR = 0; P = .035), were identified. Further adjustment by potential confounders confirmed the high prevalence clusters but also identified newer ones. Conclusions: Screening strategies for depression, in combination with mapping techniques, may be useful tools to target interventions in resource-limited areas.
KW - Depression
KW - Hotspot
KW - Mental health
KW - Peru
KW - Spatial clustering
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84961771307&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.11.002
DO - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.11.002
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 26654102
AN - SCOPUS:84961771307
SN - 1047-2797
VL - 26
SP - 93-99.e2
JO - Annals of Epidemiology
JF - Annals of Epidemiology
IS - 2
ER -