TY - JOUR
T1 - Cognitive Frailty as a Predictor of Mortality in Older Adults
T2 - A Longitudinal Study in Peru
AU - Vargas-Torres-Young, Diego A.
AU - Salazar-Talla, Leslie
AU - Cuba-Ruiz, Sofia
AU - Urrunaga-Pastor, Diego
AU - Runzer-Colmenares, Fernando M.
AU - Parodi, Jose F.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Vargas-Torres-Young, Salazar-Talla, Cuba-Ruiz, Urrunaga-Pastor, Runzer-Colmenares and Parodi.
PY - 2022/6/22
Y1 - 2022/6/22
N2 - Objective: To evaluate the role of cognitive frailty and its components as risk factors of mortality in older adults of the Centro Médico Naval (CEMENA) in Callao, Peru during 2010-2015. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort that included older adults (60 years and older) treated at the CEMENA Geriatrics service between 2010–2015. Frailty was defined as the presence of three or more criteria of the modified Fried Phenotype. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Peruvian version of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), considering a score <21 as cognitive impairment. Cognitive frailty was defined as the coexistence of both. In addition, we included sociodemographic characteristics, medical and personal history, as well as the functional evaluation of each participant. Results: We included 1,390 older adults (mean follow-up: 2.2 years), with a mean age of 78.5 ± 8.6 years and 59.6% (n = 828) were male. Cognitive frailty was identified in 11.3% (n = 157) and 9.9% (n = 138) died during follow-up. We found that cognitive frailty in older adults (aHR = 3.57; 95%CI: 2.33–5.49), as well as its components, such as sedentary behavior and cognitive impairment (aHR = 7.05; 95%CI: 4.46–11.13), weakness and cognitive impairment (aHR = 6.99; 95%CI: 4.41–11.06), and exhaustion and cognitive impairment (aHR = 4.51; 95%CI: 3.11–6.54) were associated with a higher risk of mortality. Conclusion: Cognitive frailty and its components were associated with a higher risk of mortality in older adults. It is necessary to develop longitudinal studies with a longer follow-up and that allow evaluating the effect of interventions in this vulnerable group of patients to limit adverse health outcomes, including increased mortality.
AB - Objective: To evaluate the role of cognitive frailty and its components as risk factors of mortality in older adults of the Centro Médico Naval (CEMENA) in Callao, Peru during 2010-2015. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort that included older adults (60 years and older) treated at the CEMENA Geriatrics service between 2010–2015. Frailty was defined as the presence of three or more criteria of the modified Fried Phenotype. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Peruvian version of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), considering a score <21 as cognitive impairment. Cognitive frailty was defined as the coexistence of both. In addition, we included sociodemographic characteristics, medical and personal history, as well as the functional evaluation of each participant. Results: We included 1,390 older adults (mean follow-up: 2.2 years), with a mean age of 78.5 ± 8.6 years and 59.6% (n = 828) were male. Cognitive frailty was identified in 11.3% (n = 157) and 9.9% (n = 138) died during follow-up. We found that cognitive frailty in older adults (aHR = 3.57; 95%CI: 2.33–5.49), as well as its components, such as sedentary behavior and cognitive impairment (aHR = 7.05; 95%CI: 4.46–11.13), weakness and cognitive impairment (aHR = 6.99; 95%CI: 4.41–11.06), and exhaustion and cognitive impairment (aHR = 4.51; 95%CI: 3.11–6.54) were associated with a higher risk of mortality. Conclusion: Cognitive frailty and its components were associated with a higher risk of mortality in older adults. It is necessary to develop longitudinal studies with a longer follow-up and that allow evaluating the effect of interventions in this vulnerable group of patients to limit adverse health outcomes, including increased mortality.
KW - aging
KW - cognitive frailty
KW - cognitive impairment
KW - frailty
KW - mortality
KW - older adult
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85133692647&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fmed.2022.910005
DO - 10.3389/fmed.2022.910005
M3 - Artículo
AN - SCOPUS:85133692647
SN - 2296-858X
VL - 9
JO - Frontiers in Medicine
JF - Frontiers in Medicine
M1 - 910005
ER -