Changes in Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Rectal Mucosa Associated With Neisseria gonorrheae and/or Chlamydia trachomatis Infection and Treatment Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Lima, Peru

Jesse L. Clark, Catherine E. Oldenburg, Ryan C. Passaro, Eddy R. Segura, William Godwin, Jennifer A. Fulcher, Robinson Cabello

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background. Neisseria gonorrheae and Chlamydia trachomatis are associated with mucosal inflammation and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) transmission. We assessed levels of inflammatory cytokines in men who have sex with men (MSM) with and without rectal gonorrhea and/or chlamydia in Lima, Peru. Methods. We screened 605 MSM reporting condomless receptive anal intercourse for rectal N. gonorrheae/C. trachomatis using nucleic acid testing. We identified 101 cases of gonorrhea and/or chlamydia and randomly selected 50 N. gonorrheae/C. trachomatis positive cases and matched 52 negative controls. We measured levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in rectal secretions. Tests for HIV-1, rectal N. gonorrheae/C. trachomatis, and mucosal cytokines were repeated after 3 and 6 months. Cytokine levels in cases and uninfected controls were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and linear regression. Results. MSM with gonorrhea/chlamydia had elevated levels of all cytokines in rectal mucosa compared with matched controls (all P values <.001). Following antibiotic treatment there were no significant differences in cytokine levels at 3- or 6-month followup evaluations (all P values >.05). Discussion. Rectal gonorrhea/chlamydia infection is associated with transient mucosal inflammation and cytokine recruitment. Our data provide proof of concept for rectal sexually transmitted infection screening as an HIV prevention strategy for MSM.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)845-854
Number of pages10
JournalJournal of Infectious Diseases
Volume229
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - 15 Mar 2024
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • HIV-1
  • HIV-1 prevention
  • MSM
  • Neisseria gonorrheae
  • chlamydia
  • cytokines
  • gonorrhea
  • inflammation
  • rectal mucosa

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Changes in Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Rectal Mucosa Associated With Neisseria gonorrheae and/or Chlamydia trachomatis Infection and Treatment Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Lima, Peru'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this