Alveolar morphometry in young adults with and without agenesis of the upper lateral incisor: A retrospective study

Introduction: We aimed to compare alveolar morphometry in young adults with agenesis of the upper lateral incisor versus the side without agenesis and versus matched controls. Material and methods: In this observational retrospective study, cone beam computed tomography scans were obtained of 36 upper hemiarches from young adults aged 15 to 30 years. The hemiarches were distributed into three groups: group 1: 12 upper hemiarches presenting agenesis of the upper lateral incisor; group 2: 12 upper hemiarches from the opposite side without agenesis of the upper lateral incisor (control group 1); and group 3: 12 upper hemiarches without agenesis of the upper lateral incisor matched for age and sex with respect to the affected group (control group 2). A trained and calibrated investigator performed all the alveolar measurements at two different times, including sagittal, coronal and axial slices of each hemiarch. Paired Student's t-tests, Chi-square and repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction were used, (P < 0.05). Results: Apical mesial evaluation of group 1 (4.22 ± 1.19 mm) was significantly lower (P < 0.001) than that of groups 2 (6.72 ± 1.17 mm) and 3 (7.58 ± 1.67 mm). Apical distal evaluation also showed differences (P < 0.001) among the three groups, with the dimension being smaller in group 1 with agenesis (4.53 ± 1.14 mm), followed by group 2 without agenesis (6.23 ± 1.55 mm) and the healthy control group 3 (7.73 ± 1.71 mm). Conclusions: Lateral incisor agenesis significantly reduces the alveolar dimensions of the affected area. In cases of unilateral agenesis, the unaffected side also shows sequelae, with decreased dimensions compared to cases without agenesis. This condition should be taken into account when making therapeutic decisions regarding rehabilitation with implants or canine replacement.